小白教程:python中format用法
format是python2.6新增的一个格式化字符串的方法,相对于老版的%格式方法,它有很多优点。1.不需要理会数据类型的问题,在%方法中%s只能替代字符串类型2.单个参数可以多次输出,参数顺序可以不相同3.填充方式十分灵活,对齐方式十分强大4.官方推荐用的方式,%方式将会在后面的版本被淘汰format的一个例子 print'hello {0}'
.
format
(
'world'
)会输出hello worldformat的格式replacement_field ::=“{” [“!” conversion] [“:” format_spec] “}”
field_name ::= arg_name (“.” attribute_name | “[” element_index “]”)*
arg_name ::=
attribute_name ::= identifier
element_index ::= integer | index_string
index_string ::= <any source character except “]”> +
conversion ::= “r” | “s” | “a”
format_spec ::= <described in the next section>
format_spec 的格式
format_spec ::= [align][#][,][.precision]
fill ::= <any character>
align ::= ”<” | “>” | “=” | “^”
sign ::= ”+” | “-” | ” “
width ::= integer
precision ::= integer
type ::= ”b” | “c” | “d” | “e” | “E” | “f” | “F” | “g” | “G” | “n” | “o” | “s” | “x” | “X” | “%”
应用:一 填充1.通过位置来填充字符串print
'hello {0} i am {1}'
.
format
(
'Kevin'
,
'Tom'
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom
'hello {} i am {}'
.
format
(
'Kevin'
,
'Tom'
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom
'hello {0} i am {1} . my name is {0}'
.
format
(
'Kevin'
,
'Tom'
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom . my name is Kevinforamt会把参数按位置顺序来填充到字符串中,第一个参数是0,然后1 ……也可以不输入数字,这样也会按顺序来填充同一个参数可以填充多次,这个是format比%先进的地方2.通过key来填充print
'hello {name1}i am {name2}'
.
format
(
name1
=
'Kevin'
,
name2
=
'Tom'
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom3.通过下标填充names
=
[
'Kevin'
,
'Tom'
]
'hello {names}i am {names}'
.
format
(
names
=
names
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom
'hello {0}i am {0}'
.
format
(
names
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom
4.通过字典的key names
=
{
'name'
:
'Kevin'
,
'name2'
:
'Tom'
}
'hello {names}i am {names}'
.
format
(
names
=
names
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom注意访问字典的key,不用引号的5.通过对象的属性class
Names
(
)
:
name1
=
'Kevin'
name2
=
'Tom'
'hello {names.name1}i am {names.name2}'
.
format
(
names
=
Names
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom6.使用魔法参数args
=
[
'lu'
]
kwargs
=
{
'name1'
:
'Kevin'
,
'name2'
:
'Tom'
}
'hello {name1} {} i am {name2}'
.
format
(
*
args
,
*
*
kwargs
)
# hello Kevin i am Tom
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